Digital photography is a method of making images without the use of conventional photographic film. Instead, a machine called a scanner records visual information and converts it into a code of ones and zeroes that a computer can read. Photographs in digital form can be manipulated by means of various computer programs. Digital photography was widely used in advertising and graphic design in the late 1990s, and was quickly replacing conventional photographic technology in areas such as photojournalism.
Digital cameras are now available for both professional photographers and amateur enthusiasts. The more expensive professional cameras function as sophisticated 35-millimeter cameras but record the picture information as pixels, or digital dots of color . There can be several million pixels in a high-resolution, full-color digital photograph. Some digital cameras are able to transfer their large picture files directly into a computer for storage. Others accept a disc or similar portable storage unit to achieve the same purpose. The original high-resolution image can later be reproduced in ink (in a magazine, for example) or as a conventional silver halide print.
Digital cameras aimed at the amateur photography market function much as point-and-shoot cameras do, with automatic focus, automatic exposure, and built-in electronic flash. Pictures from these cameras contain fewer pixels than those from a more expensive camera and are therefore not as sharp. After taking pictures, the user can connect the camera directly to a television set or video cassette recorder, so the whole family can look at snapshots together. Alternatively, image files can be transferred to a home computer, stored on disks, or sent to friends via electronic mail.
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